Many different types of errors can occur when collecting specimens. If improperly collected, specimens can provide erroneous results, which can affect decisions about patient care. Improper specimen collection can also affect turn-around time for results, delay patient transfer or discharge, or mix up specimens for different patients.
While phlebotomy staff have traditionally collected blood, nursing staff have assumed some responsibility for this function in many organizations. Regardless of who collects blood samples, staff must ensure that:
- Patients are properly identified and specimens are accurately labeled,
- The appropriate blood containers for the tests requested are used, and
- Specimens that are anticoagulated are properly mixed.
Other specimens collected by staff include specimens for culture, cytology, and surgical pathology.
Nursing and laboratory staff must work together to ensure everyone properly collects and handles specimens. Also, the most up-to-date procedures must be accessible to all appropriate staff.
Staff should also work with patients to prevent erroneous test results. For example, if the patient is not properly prepared (for example, testing requires the patient to fast), the test may provide questionable results or there will be a delay in testing until the patient is properly prepared.